Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Here’s how you know

Dot gov

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

HTTPS

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( Lock A locked padlock ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

  • Environmental Topics
  • Laws & Regulations
  • Report a Violation
  • About EPA
IRIS
Contact Us

Vinyl chloride

CASRN 75-01-4 | DTXSID8021434

  • Toxicological Review (PDF) (197 pp, 1.2 M)
  • IRIS Summary (PDF) (64 pp, 341 K)

On this page:

  • Key IRIS
    Values
  • Chemical
    Documents
  • Other EPA
    Information

Noncancer Assessment

Reference Dose for Oral Exposure (RfD) (PDF) (64 pp, 341 K) Last Updated: 08/07/2000

System RfD (mg/kg-day) Basis PoD Composite UF Confidence
Hepatic 3 x 10 -3 Liver cell polymorphism NOAEL (HED): 9 x 10-2
mg/kg-day
30 Medium

Reference Concentration for Inhalation Exposure (RfC) (PDF) (64 pp, 341 K) Last Updated: 08/07/2000

System RfC (mg/m3) Basis PoD Composite UF Confidence
Hepatic 1 x 10 -1 Liver cell polymorphism NOAEL (HEC): 2.5
mg/m3
30 Medium

Cancer Assessment

Weight of Evidence for Cancer (PDF) (64 pp, 341 K) Last Updated: 08/07/2000

WOE Characterization Framework for WOE Characterization
A (Human carcinogen) Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 1986)
Known/likely human carcinogen Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 1996)
Basis:
  • On the basis of sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity in human epidemiology studies, VC is considered to best fit the weight-of-evidence Category "A," according to current EPA Risk Assessment Guidelines (U.S. EPA, 1986). Under the Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 1996), it is concluded that VC is a known human carcinogen by the inhalation route of exposure, based on human epidemiological data, and by analogy the oral route because of positive animal bioassay data as well as pharmacokinetic data allowing dose extrapolation across routes. VC is also considered highly likely to be carcinogenic by the dermal route because it is well absorbed and acts systemically.
  • This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative.

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure (PDF) (64 pp, 341 K)

Oral Slope Factor: 7.2 x 10-1 per mg/kg-day (Continuous lifetime exposure during adulthood)
Drinking Water Unit Risk: 2.1 x 10-5 per µg/L x 10 (Continuous lifetime exposure during adulthood)
Extrapolation Method: LMS method
Tumor site(s): Hepatic
Tumor type(s): Total of liver angiosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and neoplastic nodules (Feron et al., 1981)

Oral Slope Factor: 7.5 x 10-1 per mg/kg-day (Continuous lifetime exposure during adulthood)
Drinking Water Unit Risk: 2.1 x 10-5 per µg/L x 10 (Continuous lifetime exposure during adulthood)
Extrapolation Method: LED 10/ linear method
Tumor site(s): Hepatic
Tumor type(s): Total of liver angiosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and neoplastic nodules (Feron et al., 1981)

Oral Slope Factor: 1.4 per mg/kg-day (Continuous lifetime exposure from birth)
Drinking Water Unit Risk: 4.2 x 10-5 per µg/L x 10 (Continuous lifetime exposure from birth)
Extrapolation Method: LMS method
Tumor site(s): Hepatic
Tumor type(s): Total of liver angiosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and neoplastic nodules (Feron et al., 1981)

Oral Slope Factor: 1.5 per mg/kg-day (Continuous lifetime exposure from birth)
Drinking Water Unit Risk: 4.2 x 10-5 per µg/L x 10 (Continuous lifetime exposure from birth)
Extrapolation Method: LED 10/ linear method
Tumor site(s): Hepatic
Tumor type(s): Total of liver angiosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and neoplastic nodules (Feron et al., 1981)


Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure (PDF) (64 pp, 341 K)

Inhalation Unit Risk: 4.4 x 10-6 per µg/m3 (Continuous lifetime exposure during adulthood)
Extrapolation Method: LMS method
Tumor site(s): Hepatic
Tumor type(s): Liver angiosarcomas, angiomas, hepatomas, and neoplastic nodules (Maltoni et al. (1981, 1984))

Inhalation Unit Risk: 8.8 x 10-6 per µg/m3 (Continuous lifetime exposure from birth)
Extrapolation Method: LMS method
Tumor site(s): Hepatic
Tumor type(s): Liver angiosarcomas, angiomas, hepatomas, and neoplastic nodules (Maltoni et al. (1981, 1984))

Inhalation Unit Risk: 4.4 x 10-6 per µg/m3 (Continuous lifetime exposure during adulthood)
Extrapolation Method: LED 10/ linear method
Tumor site(s): Hepatic
Tumor type(s): Liver angiosarcomas, angiomas, hepatomas, and neoplastic nodules (Maltoni et al. (1981, 1984))

Inhalation Unit Risk: 8.8 x 10-6 per µg/m3 (Continuous lifetime exposure from birth)
Extrapolation Method: LED 10/ linear method
Tumor site(s): Hepatic
Tumor type(s): Liver angiosarcomas, angiomas, hepatomas, and neoplastic nodules (Maltoni et al. (1981, 1984))

Chemical Documents

May 2000: IRIS Toxicological Review of Vinyl Chloride (Final Report) (Report)

May 1999: IRIS Toxicological Review and Summary Documents for Vinyl Chloride (External Review Draft) (Other)

Other EPA Information

Additional EPA toxicity information may be available by visiting the following sites:
  • Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides (HHBP). This database provides human health benchmarks for pesticides that may be present in drinking water.
  • Office of Pesticide Programs Pesticide Chemical Search. This database provides links to health effects information and registration status for pesticides.
  • Chemistry Dashboard. This database provides information on chemical structures, experimental and predicted physicochemical, and toxicity data.

Related Links

  • EPA Chemicals Dashboard - Vinyl chloride
  • eChemPortal - Vinyl chloride

Critical Effects

Hepatic
Hepatic

Tumor Sites

Hepatic
Hepatic

Chemical Structure

Vinyl chloride

Synonyms

  • Chloroethene
  • Chloroethylene
  • VC
  • VCM
  • Vinyl chloride
  • Vinyl chloride monomer
  • 75-01-4
  • IRIS Home
  • About IRIS
  • IRIS Recent Additions
  • IRIS Calendar
  • IRIS Assessments
  • Advanced Search
  • IRIS Program Materials
Contact Us to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem.
United States Environmental Protection Agency

Discover.

  • Accessibility Statement
  • Budget & Performance
  • Contracting
  • EPA www Web Snapshots
  • Grants
  • No FEAR Act Data
  • Privacy
  • Privacy and Security Notice

Connect.

  • Data.gov
  • Inspector General
  • Jobs
  • Newsroom
  • Open Government
  • Regulations.gov
  • Subscribe
  • USA.gov
  • White House

Ask.

  • Contact EPA
  • EPA Disclaimers
  • Hotlines
  • FOIA Requests
  • Frequent Questions

Follow.