Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Here’s how you know

Dot gov

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

HTTPS

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( Lock A locked padlock ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

  • Environmental Topics
  • Laws & Regulations
  • Report a Violation
  • About EPA
IRIS
Contact Us

Nitrobenzene

CASRN 98-95-3 | DTXSID3020964

  • Toxicological Review (PDF) (250 pp, 3.83 M)
  • IRIS Summary (PDF) (30 pp, 257 K)

On this page:

  • Key IRIS
    Values
  • Chemical
    Documents
  • Other EPA
    Information

Noncancer Assessment

Reference Dose for Oral Exposure (RfD) (PDF) (30 pp, 257 K) Last Updated: 02/06/2009

System RfD (mg/kg-day) Basis PoD Composite UF Confidence
Hematologic 2 x 10 -3 Increased methemoglobin levels BMDL (1SD): 1.8
mg/kg-day
1000 Medium

Reference Concentration for Inhalation Exposure (RfC) (PDF) (30 pp, 257 K) Last Updated: 02/06/2009

System RfC (mg/m3) Basis PoD Composite UF Confidence
Nervous, Respiratory 9 x 10 -3 Bronchiolization of the alveoli and olfactory degeneration BMCL 10 (HEC): 0.26
mg/m3
30 Medium

Cancer Assessment

Weight of Evidence for Cancer (PDF) (30 pp, 257 K) Last Updated: 02/06/2009

WOE Characterization Framework for WOE Characterization
Likely to be carcinogenic to humans (Combined route) Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 2005)
Basis:
  • Under the Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 2005a), nitrobenzene is classified as "likely to be carcinogenic to humans" by any route of exposure.
  • This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative.

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure (PDF) (30 pp, 257 K)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program.


Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure (PDF) (30 pp, 257 K)

Inhalation Unit Risk: 4 x 10-5 per µg/m3
Extrapolation Method: Multistage model with linear extrapolation from the POD (LEC10).
Tumor site(s): Endocrine, Hepatic, Urinary
Tumor type(s): Liver hepatocellular adenomas or carcinomas, kidney tubular adenomas or carcinomas, thyroid follicular cell adenomas or carcinomas (CIIT (1993))

Chemical Documents

Mar 2007: IRIS Toxicological Review of Nitrobenzene (External Review Draft) (Report)

Other EPA Information

Additional EPA toxicity information may be available by visiting the following sites:
  • Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides (HHBP). This database provides human health benchmarks for pesticides that may be present in drinking water.
  • Office of Pesticide Programs Pesticide Chemical Search. This database provides links to health effects information and registration status for pesticides.
  • Chemistry Dashboard. This database provides information on chemical structures, experimental and predicted physicochemical, and toxicity data.

Related Links

  • EPA Chemicals Dashboard - Nitrobenzene
  • eChemPortal - Nitrobenzene

Critical Effects

Hematologic
Hematologic

Nervous
Nervous

Respiratory
Respiratory

Tumor Sites

Endocrine
Endocrine

Hepatic
Hepatic

Urinary
Urinary

Chemical Structure

Nitrobenzene

Synonyms

  • Benzene, nitro-
  • Essence of Mirbane
  • Essence of Myrbane
  • Mirbane oil
  • NCI-c60082
  • Nitrobenzene
  • Nitrobenzol
  • Oil of Mirbane
  • Oil of Myrbane
  • 98-95-3
  • IRIS Home
  • About IRIS
  • IRIS Recent Additions
  • IRIS Calendar
  • IRIS Assessments
  • Advanced Search
  • IRIS Program Materials
Contact Us to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem.
United States Environmental Protection Agency

Discover.

  • Accessibility Statement
  • Budget & Performance
  • Contracting
  • EPA www Web Snapshots
  • Grants
  • No FEAR Act Data
  • Privacy
  • Privacy and Security Notice

Connect.

  • Data.gov
  • Inspector General
  • Jobs
  • Newsroom
  • Open Government
  • Regulations.gov
  • Subscribe
  • USA.gov
  • White House

Ask.

  • Contact EPA
  • EPA Disclaimers
  • Hotlines
  • FOIA Requests
  • Frequent Questions

Follow.