1,1,1-Trichloroethane

Overview

EPA has conducted a peer review of the scientific basis supporting the human health hazard and dose-response assessment of 1,1,1-trichloroethane that will appear on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) database. Peer review is meant to ensure that science is used credibly and appropriately in derivation of the dose-response assessments and toxicological characterization.

Background

1,1,1-Trichloroethane has been used primarily as a solvent for adhesives, in metal degreasing, and in the manufacture of vinylidene chloride. This chemical was formerly used as a food and grain fumigant. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane is one of the compounds addressed by the Montreal Protocol, under which the production and consumption of potentially ozone-depleting substances in the stratosphere are to be phased out. The final phase-out date for 1,1,1-trichloroethane in developed countries was 1996 (with selected exceptions for existing stocks and essential uses) and in developing countries is 2015.

The assessment of 1,1,1-trichloroethane is one of the chemicals in a pilot to explore the inclusion of reference values for less-than-lifetime exposure and other health assessment procedures/features recommended in the Risk Assessment Forum’s 2002 report, A Review of the Reference Dose and Reference Concentration Processes.

History/Chronology

Date	Description
1987	IRIS assessment of 1,1,1-trichloroethane posted on the IRIS database. (RfD only)
1988	Carcinogenicity assessment for 1,1,1-trichloroethane added to the IRIS database. [Related link]
1991	RfD withdrawn from the IRIS database.
Feb 2007	EPA released the external review draft for public review and comment.
Apr 2007	EPA hosted an independent peer review panel workshop to discuss the draft report.
Sep 2007	EPA released the final Toxicological Review of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane: in support of the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).

Status

Following the External Peer Review, the final assessment will be published on the IRIS database.

Additional Information

Comments on the assessment may be submitted and reviewed using the e-Government Regulations.gov Web site. From the site, select Environmental Protection Agency and the keyword EPA-HQ-ORD-2007-1039 (for the docket ID).

This download(s) is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination peer review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by EPA. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy.

• Toxicological Review of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (External Review Draft) (PDF)  (200  pp, 1.7 MB, about PDF)
• Charge to External Peer Reviewers (PDF)  (4  pp, 20.5 KB, about PDF)
• CONSOLIDATED COMMENTS FROM THE EXTERNAL PEER REVIEW (FINAL) (PDF)  (31  pp, 245.1 KB, about PDF)

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Document Related Link(s)

• FINAL REPORT FOR PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODELING OF 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE (PDF)  (187  pp, 2.1 MB, about PDF)
• IRIS TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW AND SUMMARY DOCUMENTS FOR 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE (PEER REVIEW PLAN)
• HEALTH ASSESSMENT DOCUMENT FOR 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE (METHYL CHLOROFORM). FINAL REPORT

Federal Register Notices

• FR NOTICE: FEBRUARY 27, 2007